5.6 - Metallic Bond

Formation of a Metallic Bond

• Metal atoms are closely packed and arranged in an orderly manner in the solid state.
• Their valence electrons are easily donated and become delocalised even while the metal is solid.
• A delocalised electron moves freely and belongs to no particular atom or ion.
• Overlapping valence shells allow electrons to become delocalised.
• Delocalisation leaves positively charged metal ions and produces a sea of electrons throughout the metal structure.
• The strong electrostatic attraction between the sea of electrons and positively charged metal ions is the metallic bond.

Electrical Conductivity of Metals

• Delocalised electrons can move freely through the metal structure.
• When a potential difference is applied, these electrons carry charge from the negative terminal towards the positive terminal.
• Metals therefore conduct electricity in the solid state.